Intent 用法大公開

How to use Intent to send an email, SMS, open a web browser, show map, etc.?

Intent 應該算是 Andorid 中特有的東西。你可以在 Intent 中，指定要應用程式執行的動作 (view, edit, dial)，以及應用程式執行該動作時，所需要的資料。都指定好後，只要透過 startActivity()，Android 系統會自動尋找，最符合你指定要求的應用程式，並喚起執行該應用程式。

不過，這部份的文件還不是很完整。Reference of Available Intents 有列一些。底下是我收集的一些用法，分享出來給有需要的你。有些還沒有實際驗證過，如果發現有錯誤，或有新的用法，也請告訴我。

顯示網頁

Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://google.com"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it);

顯示地圖

Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //其他 geo URI 範例 //geo:latitude,longitude //geo:latitude,longitude?z=zoom //geo:0,0?q=my+street+address //geo:0,0?q=business+near+city //google.streetview:cbll=lat,lng&cbp=1,yaw,,pitch,zoom&mz=mapZoom

路徑規劃

Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //where startLat, startLng, endLat, endLng are a long with 6 decimals like: 50.123456

撥打電話

//叫出撥號程式 Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:0800000123"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri); startActivity(it); //直接打電話出去 Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:0800000123"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, uri); startActivity(it); //用這個，要在 AndroidManifest.xml 中，加上 //<uses-permission id="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />

傳送 SMS/MMS

//叫起簡訊程式 Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms"); startActivity(it); //傳送簡訊 Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); startActivity(it); //傳送 MMS Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri); it.setType("image/png"); startActivity(it); //如果是 HTC Sense 手機，你要用 Intent sendIntent = new Intent("android.intent.action.SEND_MSG"); sendIntent.putExtra("address", toText); sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "subject"); sendIntent.putExtra("sms_body", textMessage); sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.parse(url)); sendIntent.setType("image/jpeg"); startActivity(sendIntent); //底下這段更好，可在所有手機上用 //refer to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2165516/sending-mms-into-different-android-devices Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, Uri.parse("mmsto:<number>"); intent.putExtra("address", <number>); intent.putExtra("subject", <subject>); startActivity(intent);

傳送 Email

Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); startActivity(it); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); it.setType("text/plain"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); String[] tos={"me@abc.com"}; String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"}; it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); it.setType("message/rfc822"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); //傳送影音附件檔 Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3")); it.setType("audio/mp3"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); //傳送圖片附件檔 Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/mypic.jpg")); it.setType("image/jpeg"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client"));

顯示聯絡人清單

Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, People.CONTENT_URI); startActivity(it);

顯示某個朋友的詳細資料

Uri uriPerson = ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI, 5); //5 是朋友的 ID Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uriPerson); startActivity(it);

播放多媒體

Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3"); it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3"); startActivity(it); Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it);

從圖庫中回傳選到的圖片

Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); it.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE); it.setType("image/*"); startActivityForResult(it, 0); //回傳的圖片可透過 it.getData() 取得圖片之 Uri

啟動照相機，並將相片存在指定的檔案中

Intent it = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); //假設你要將相片存在 /sdcard/xxx.jpg 中 File f = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/xxx.jpg"); it.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, Uri.fromFile(f)); startActivity(it, 0);

Market 相關

//尋找某個應用程式 Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //where pkg_name is the full package path for an application //顯示某應用程式詳細畫面 Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=pkg_name_or_app_id"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //where app_id is the application ID, find the ID //by clicking on your application on Market home //page, and notice the ID from the address bar

Uninstall 應用程式

Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri); startActivity(it);

安裝 APK 檔

Uri uri = Uri.parse("url_of_apk_file"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); it.setData(uri); it.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION); it.setClassName("com.android.packageinstaller", "com.android.packageinstaller.PackageInstallerActivity"); startActivity(it); //make sure the url_of_apk_file is readable for all users